The Taj Mahal of Agra in India, famous as one of the 8 wonders of the world, is a symbol of true love. The famous Taj Mahal was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal.
It was said to be the most beautiful monument built by the Mughal rulers and represents the extremism of Mughal architecture. It is constructed entirely of white stone (marble), the beauty of the Taj Mahal is beyond description.
The Taj Mahal of Agra is one of the eight wonders / wonders of the world, because it is not only beautiful to look at but the history of the Taj Mahal that connects a soul with its grandeur. Seeing this, our soul fills with happiness.
Because if it were not for love, a good example would have been taken away from the world, on which people base their relationships today. This is an example of how deeply a man loved his wife, that when she did not live in this world but still their memories were with the man and he ensured that this memory would never be erased.
This person was none other than the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, who loved his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal the most in the world. Mumtaz was a Muslim Persian princess whose name before marriage was Arjumand Banu Begum. He was the son of the Mughal emperor Jahangir and the great grandson of Akbar. He met Mumtaz at the age of 14 and fell in love with her. Five years later in 1612, they married.
Mumtaz Mahal, an inseparable part of Shah Jahan, died in 1631, while he was to give birth to their 14th child. Shah Jahan built a magnificent memorial as a tribute, it was built in memory of his beloved wife, who we know today as "Taj Mahal". The construction of the Taj Mahal began in the year 1631. Castles, stone cutters, inlayers, carriers, painters, calligraphers, domes, and other artisans were sought from all over the empire and from Central Asia and Iran, and to build what we see today in this symbol of love. It took almost 22 years.
The services of 22,000 laborers and 1,000 elephants were used to build it. This monument is made entirely of white marble, which was brought from all over India and Central Asia. After spending around 32 million rupees, the Taj Mahal was finally completed in 1653.
It was soon after the completion of the Taj Mahal that Shah Jahan was removed from his post by his own son Aurangzeb and was taken captive near the Agra Fort. It is said that Shah Jahan himself, along with his wife, lies in this tomb.
Carrying history forward, it was the late 19th century British Viceroy Lord Curzon who ordered a comprehensive restoration project which was completed in 1908 which was lost during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. The Taj was tried to defile the British soldiers and government officials, who also pierced the precious and shining blue stone of the walls of the monument of its sanctity.
In addition, the British-style gardens that we see around the Taj today all enhance the beauty of the Taj, they were remodeled almost at the same time. Despite the prevalent controversies, past and present threats from Indo-Pak war and environmental pollution, this symbol of love continues to attract people from all over the world with its luster.
★ Architecture and Design
Taj Mahal is synonymous with the identity of India, it is the crown of Mughal architecture in India. There was a Mughal tradition of building royal mausoleums in memory of Royal members. A marvel of architecture, the structure included elements of Persian influences such as the dome bunnets and arched entrance gates or 'ivans', as well as abundant incorporation of contemporary Hindu compositions elements such as the umbrella and lotus shape.
His eternal love turned into a most beautiful reminder after the death of his wife, the "story of his heartbreak at the time" described by Tagore. An ornamental garden is beautifully carved at the entrance of the Taj Mahal, with an amazing water system that is part of a complex in the mosque. The Taj is situated on the southern bank of the Yamuna River.
★ Taj Mahal exterior
The main center of the complex is the mausoleum structure.It is made entirely of white marble, its beauty lies in the symmetry of its architecture. At one end of the complex, at an altitude of 50 meters above the level of the river, is a structure located on a square intersection made of white marble. The tomb itself is made by four symmetrical towers located in the center.
The Taj Mahal is a square structure measuring 55 meters from the base of the sides. The towers are spread 41.75 meters from the tomb wall and have a height of 39.62 meters. The main building has a lumbar central dome, 18.28 meters in diameter and a height of 73 meters. .
The dome is built above the 7 meter high cylindrical base from the top of the building. At the top it is decorated with a lotus shape and at the end there is gilded Islamic half moon, which is at the top.
The spherical and grand aspect of the central dome is emphasized by the incorporation of small domes on both sides in the form of umbrellas, it is also gilded. Each tower is divided into three equal sections by two balconies which is an octagonal base.
The delicate curve of the dome is emphasized by the tapering structure and the slightly angular location of the minarets. A huge archer has been prepared at the entrance of the main tomb. In it, two identical small arch doors on two sides have been remodeled.
These arches look like balconies with two distinct levels. It is called Pishak, repeated on all eight sides of the building, another dimension of symmetry.
The concave and convex design combined with solid elements creates a captivating effect of contrast. The changeable reflection of the marble in the daylight conditions appears to be color-changing and shines like a stunning pearl at night due to the celestial effect.
In the upper part, the precious stones like lapis lazuli and jade are generously adorned. This decoration brightens the colors with a white background. Plaster and painting protect the exterior walls.
★ Interior of Taj Mahal
The interior decoration of the Taj Mahal consists of a perforated octagonal central chamber of which there are eight smaller chambers. Small chambers are built on two floors, making a total of 16 such numbers.
The central part is the main chamber of Mumtaz Mahal and the shlokas of Shah Jahan. Two ornate marble cenotaphs are enclosed within a marble screen and their façade faces south. The actual siparphe under the tomb is called a relatively simple craft. Shlokic inscriptions of 99 names of the Lord are on the tombs and an impeccable calligraphic inscription on the tomb of Shah Jahan. "He hosted a feast from this world on the night of twenty-sixth of the month of Rajab in 1022 Hijri."
★ Garden in Taj Mahal (Mughal Garden)
Bagh is a major part of the Mughal mausoleum and is commonly known as Charbagh. The path of red sandstone divides the Mughal garden into four sections, which are alternately divided into 16 symmetrical squares.
Square marble is located in the center of the Taj Mahal's pool and entrance. Located on the north-south axis, the Haud al-Qawthar, or abundant, offers beautiful reflections of the Taj and its glory.
Trees with various fruits and Cyprus trees have been described as a symbol of living and death that are engaged in symmetrical symmetrical shape in the central passage respectively. The garden is designed in such a way that one can see the crown from any random point without any hindrance.
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